You are seeing this message because your web browser does not support basic web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing and what you can do to make your experience on this site better.


Home | Sign In | Contact Us | Careers | Site Map | Help


Advertisement

Why McDonald's New Coffee Strategy Could Go Cold

People who read this also read:

Earlier this week, fast food king McDonald’s Corp revealed a bold plan to bring baristas to thousands of its retail locations. While the instinctive reaction is this must be a death blow for staggering Starbucks Corp, don’t count out the Seattle-based coffee chain yet.

After watching Starbucks and Dunkin’ Donuts capture the explosive growth in the coffee market during much of the 1990s and early 2000s, McDonald’s began fighting back in 2006 when it dramatically increased the quality of its coffee. Now, it plans to put coffee bars in most of its 14,000 U.S. stores over the next two years. Customers will be able to obtain lattes, cappuccinos, and other high-end drinks. While McDonald’s won’t offer quite the selection that Starbucks offers, it will feature lower prices.

A McDonald’s vice president said it was McDonald’s biggest endeavor since introducing breakfast 35 years ago, and said the company hoped to generate $1 billion in incremental revenue.

Along some dimensions, McDonald’s plan is a natural. Most of its retail locations have surges in traffic around meal times. The coffee bars should allow McDonald’s to serve customers in quiet day parts. The titan’s vast marketing budget and ubiquitous retail presence are other clear strengths. The coffee category’s explosive growth means McDonald’s could very well reach its revenue targets without materially impacting Starbucks.

There are two reasons to think that McDonald’s might find the high-end coffee market surprisingly hard to crack.

1. The processes required to serve customized drinks are vastly different from the processes required to serve McDonald’s tightly standardized menu. Running two distinct systems in a single retail location can be very difficult. Lengthening lines could alienate core McDonald’s customers looking for reliably quick food.

2. McDonald’s franchise model means it can’t simply force the coffee bars on retail locations. Individual franchise owners have to decide that investing in the bars is in their best interest. While McDonald’s claims that early market tests have proved quite promising, a consultant to some of McDonald’s franchise owners told USA Today, “It is certainly the biggest potential mistake in the history of the system.”

Starbucks has its own problems. As the company has executed its strategy of relentlessly opening new stores, its distinctive appeal has suffered, customer complaints have risen, same store sales have stagnated, and Starbucks stock has slipped.

This week founder Howard Schultz announced that he was returning to active duty as the company’s CEO. He plans to slow the pace of U.S. expansion, close struggling stores, improve the customer experience, and accelerate overseas expansion.

The market cheered Schultz’s return—Starbucks’ stock surged more than 8 percent on January 8th. Yet, Schultz faces a tough challenge. While he is right to put the brakes on mindless growth, increasing competition in Starbucks’ core coffee business means that the company must improve its ability to create new growth or its stock will continue to sag.

The full-fledged entry of McDonald’s into Starbucks’ core business might make this challenge seem impossible. But don’t be surprised if the Golden Arches stumble, giving Schultz and his team at least a chance of creating a second wave of growth for Starbucks.

* * *
Sign up for the Harvard Business Publishing Weekly Hotlist, a new weekly email roundup featuring the top highlights from HarvardBusiness.org.

Comments

Sir,

Both points made are relevant. The business model of Mcdonald's has been built around the concept of standardization. Such a focus has resulted in quick service and loyal customers - as the saying goes, a Mac tastes the same in London or New York or any other location. Against this scenario, providing customized coffee variants would be a formidable challenge. Waiting times may drive away some customers. In turn, this could offset the incremental revenues projected.

Second, it is rather unfair to force franchises to open coffee bars. Investment is one dimension. Space could be another. Additional people could be a third constraint. It is doubtful whether incremental revenues in each outlet would be sufficiently high to warrant the headaches that are bound to emerge.

Foraying into the coffee business may not be the best option for Mcdonald's. "Stick to the Knitting" is a more apt proposition.

Warm regards

- Posted by B V Krishnamurthy
January 10, 2008 11:25 PM

I agree to the view of "Stick to the Knitting".
Thinking from consumer perspective, McDonald's and coffee shop are two totally different entities. There is definite difference between ambiance, customization, service and the mentality with which a consumer goes to McD and a coffee shop.

- Posted by Swanand Kant
January 10, 2008 11:57 PM

Hi Scott --

There may be a generational divide on this -- or at least strong consumer segmentation. In my family, my 22 year old son's reaction to McDonald's joining the coffee wars was "fantastic!" He say's he'll switch over at the first opportunity. Why? Drive throughs -- in other words, speed and convenience -- the opportunity to get a good Americano without getting out of the car to him would be irresistable.

Now, my immediate reaction was exactly the opposite. McDonald's can come up with the best tasting coffee in the world, and it will be tough for them to coax me into the fold. Why? (1) small children eating food that involves mustard -- very dangerous to any business suit, (2) lack of internet -- one of my favorite Starbucks features; frankly I think a hardware store could lure me in if they promised free internet coverage in the paint aisle, and (3) french fries -- the ultimate temptation -- I fear supersized fries would seriously dampen the benefit of my nonfat latte.

Bottom line -- there are lots of coffee drinkers in the world with many different criteria for the optimum consumer experience. I suspect there will be enough for both McD's and Starbucks to succeed.

Best,

Tammy Erickson

- Posted by Tammy Erickson
January 11, 2008 5:44 PM

In Canada, Tim Hortons, which began by serving coffee and donuts, now does a great deal of business serving lunch time items. Near my office, the lunchtime lineups at Tim's exceed those of both McDonald's and Starbucks.

Macdonald's may be moving into the coffee business for defensive reasons, to protect its core business. Tim Hortons has definitely been taking lunchtime business away from MacDonald's. I believe that Tim Hortons has grown much faster than MacDonalds and has more or less matched the growth of Starbucks in Canada.

Although the US and Canadian markets are different, Macdonald's may be looking to prevent a competitor that serves both coffee and lunchtime items like Tim Hortons from showing up in the US market. I wouldn't be surprised if Canadian franchisees have been squaking for this move as a defensive measure against Tim Hortons.

Best Regards

- Posted by Costa Pissaris
January 12, 2008 10:51 AM

Certainly both those points are valid for McDonald's to succeed. However, I have followed McDonald's closely over the last few years. The franchise consultant referenced is Dick Adams, who seems to never have a good word to say about McDonald's strategy. It's clearly in his best interest to drum up negativity among the franchisees so that he can gain more consulting business. That being said, McDonald's must carefully navigate the communication and potential roll-out of the product to keep the franchisees content.

- Posted by Ryan
January 12, 2008 12:01 PM

Personally I think its a great way to start the year for McDonald's..I am absolutely loving the idea..After all we as Americans drink plenty of coffee and considering that theres a McDonald's on every corner of the street, it will only make it easier for us to reach our coffee in the morning..

- Posted by Haley James
January 12, 2008 10:04 PM

Dunkin' Donuts ought to be more concerned than Starbucks about losing customers to McDonald's.

While coffee snobbery may be moving down market in part due to the success of Starbucks, a $4 cup of coffee is still easier to swallow when you are enveloped in a comfy chair, being soothed by the soulful sounds of Ray Charles, getting into the editorial page of the paper and having some friendly banter with a cheerful barista. As Schultz' comment suggests, Starbucks needs to retrench around its core promise of a brief oasis in the craziness of our everyday lives and find a way to profitably satisfy that need in the broadest variety of customers.

McDonald's is selling calories at your ultimate convenience. Dunky's has been successful at repositioning themselves around the promise of caffeine at your convenience. High quality lower priced coffee at McDonalds seems to be a much bigger threat to the customer seeking to quickly refuel (now they can get predictably delicious calories AND caffeine at their ultimate convenience).

Customers will continue to use McDonald's and Starbucks to address very different needs during their day. Perhaps Starbucks should be thinking about how to offer temporary escapism and a 99 cent cheesburger.

- Posted by todd
January 13, 2008 3:09 PM

Speaking as a consumer more than a businessperson:

I grew up in Texas, but live in the UK and wanted to throw in some comments: as far as I've noted in Edinburgh, Scotland, the idea that Starbucks, Costa Coffee, Nero and other similar coffeehouses overlapping with McDonald's in terms of consumer base and being threatened by this new venture by the burger giant seems pretty slim - I think it comes down to a few factors:

1)Atmosphere: Many of these coffeeshops focus not just on offering a selection of coffee, but a relatively sane place to have a business chat, have a relaxing drink, read, surf or write. Quite a few of them are connected to, or located very close to bookstores. A far cry from the average UK-based USA fast food chains in town which are often grubby, slow, and chaotic/noisy by comparison, and usually in different locations less handy to office buildings, banks, and the like.

2)Different customer bases: People go to one to eat with their kids, and the other to relax and have a java with their work associates. The difference in clientele is obvious, coffee establishments being frequented more often by university students or business people, and the fast food places more often by kids out on their lunch break, families with young children, or tradesmen.

2)Logistics: Edinburgh, unlike many American cities has a great deal of pedestrian and public transportation versus cars, and drive-thru are a non-entity except on the outskirts of town. Like many British cities, its age and layout simply isn't 'car-friendly', so the idea that remaining in your car is a plus will not benefit the majority of Edinburgh residents - the only exception being the commuters who perhaps might happen to pass by a drive-thru on the Motorway.

In essence I think lifestyle plays a huge factor in whether or not customers in this particular city frequent Starbucks or McDonalds, and that lifestyles don't overlap here as easily as they do in the USA.

This is, of course, one woman's perception and exceptions will always apply.

- Posted by Kristin Douglas
January 14, 2008 12:14 PM

Great comments everyone. A couple things to amplify:

1) It is very interesting how individual responses depend a great deal on the reason why consumers visit the venues they do (in our parlance, the job they hire the venue to get done). People looking for pure functionality (quick caffeine, like Tammy's son) are going to drift to McDonald's. People looking for a mobile office (as Kristin notes) aren't going to defect any time soon. It is the job, not the customer, that needs to be the basis of deeper analysis, because the customer could hire McDonald's one day for one reason and Starbucks that same day for a very different reason.

2) I personally think it is great for McDonald's to think about ways to "stretch" its knitting. After all, solely sticking to your knitting is a recipe for the innovator's dilemma! If it executes appropriately, it could create a big business without impacting Starbucks at all. Dunkin', who has its own aggressive growth targets, could certainly feel the heat first.

3) Like many analysts, I worry about Starbucks for reasons beyond McDonald's. The need to simultaneously master wrestling hold of the core business while innovating in new directions is incredibly challenging.

Thanks again for the comments.

Best,

Scott

- Posted by Scott Anthony
January 14, 2008 8:59 PM

I first came across this concept when I was living in New Zealand 4-5 years ago, where McDonald's started opening up McCafe's inside a number of thier busier locations. My first reaction was the same as point 1; how could the fast food king's make a quality products that requires trained and more importanly; expirenced barists; while still making Big Macs. The McCafe's I went too had a small section where they had new cabnets installed; hard-wood floors, and the sterile McDonalds seating repalced with leather arm chairs. Playing in the background was modern funky music. They also made surprisingly good coffee and pastry's, all with very reasonable prices.

If the US model is based even loosely on what is happening in the New Zealand McDonald's, they are certainly in for an interesting times at McDonald's.

- Posted by Brian
January 15, 2008 1:09 AM

Scott interesting question. If we look at the coffee market in Japan as in other markets there is considerable growth occurring in the coffee market and in each segment of the market. I believe McDonalds has a chance to grab a slice of the market that is untapped. Customers are drawn for various reasons and the new coffee line is certainly a draw or new reason to visit a store.Also coffee drinkers are different to those who want a meal.Coffee drinkers tend to read a book, a newspaper or chat with a friend.I believe that by offering coffee McDonalds is actually offering a new venue for coffee drinkers.If we look at the coffee market in Japan for example:Starbucks in Japan is boutique, limited seats, stylish and premium price.It has a select target market, it doesn't attract business men on the whole(a huge segment) as it is no smoking whereas McDonalds in Japan caters to both smokers and non smokers.McDonalds in Japan has had McCafe for a number of years now and had a major roll out last year where they expanded the program. McDonalds in Japan provides a choice for drinkers who want good value and a venue to enjoy it.Maybe the new strategy in the USA is along the same lines.Attracting new customers using coffee, getting them to stay longer and possibly order other products during their visit.We will have to wait and see how it pans out.

- Posted by Peter Hanami
January 15, 2008 4:10 AM

One thing being missed: many of us baby boomers grew up on MacDonalds. As we are getting older is this a way for macDonalds to brings us back in to their stores?

On many of my days a grande capp is my version of a happy meal.

- Posted by jeffrey vitale
January 18, 2008 9:54 AM

Some people are commenting on how awesome it would be to pick up their lattes from their car.

However, how does waiting an extra 5 or more minutes per person (i.e. potentially an extra half hour or more on a busy night) sound when picking up those lattes?

I like Mcdonald's new iced coffee blends and I think that they should extend their product line- but keep it to quick, ready-to-make, quality drinks with a growing selection. That way they continue to use their convenience and add coffee into the mix.

- Posted by Jonathan ...
January 31, 2008 12:07 AM

Some people are commenting on how awesome it would be to pick up their lattes from their car.

However, how does waiting an extra 5 or more minutes per person (i.e. potentially an extra half hour or more on a busy night) sound when picking up those lattes?

I like Mcdonald's new iced coffee blends and I think that they should extend their product line- but keep it to quick, ready-to-make, quality drinks with a growing selection. That way they continue to use their convenience and add coffee into the mix.

- Posted by Jonathan.
January 31, 2008 12:10 AM

McDonalds cannot reach broad success in either hot or iced coffee drinks until they can reach uniform agreement among their franchisees on procedures. I travel constantly up and down the East Coast, and in several states I've encountered franchisees who will not put milk in my coffee unless I buy the whole container. They will add cream (which costs twice as much to buy) at no charge, but not milk...

I cannot imagine that McDonalds would allow such a silly limitation on the serving of their signature Big Mac sandwiches. Then why coffee ?

Starbucks, with company-operated stores, doesn't have this dumb situation. Until McDonalds creates uniform requirements for the coffeee offerings, they will not reach full success.

- Posted by David Wolff
April 12, 2008 10:40 AM

Trackbacks

TrackBack URL for this entry:
http://discussionleader.hbsp.com/cgi-bin/mt/mt-tb.cgi/1898

No trackbacks have been made to this entry.

Return to Conversation Starter

Join The Discussion

* Required Fields




Verification (needed to reduce spam):

Return to Conversation Starter


Posting Guidelines

We hope the conversations that take place on HarvardBusiness.org will be energetic, constructive, free-wheeling, and provocative. To make sure we all stay on-topic, all posts will be reviewed by our editors and may be edited for clarity, length, and relevance.

We ask that you adhere to the following guidelines.

  1. No selling of products or services. Let's keep this an ad-free zone.
  2. No ad hominem attacks. These are conversations in which we debate ideas. Criticize ideas, not the people behind them.
  3. No multimedia. If you want us to know about outside sources, please point to them, Don't paste them in.
We look forward to including your voices on the site - and learning from you in the process.

The editors