Voices » Conversation Starter » In Leadership, "Hard" Skills Trump "Soft" Skills
5:47 PM Thursday December 13, 2007
by Steve Kaplan, et al
In a New York Times article earlier this year, Joe Nocera described GE’s Jeff Immelt as the prototypical modern chief executive. Immelt, he said, possesses the softer skills required of leaders today: they must be good listeners, consensus builders, team players.
That may sound intuitive, but it’s not what our research found.
Earlier this year, my colleagues and I undertook a study that attempted to provide a large sample, empirical look at leadership skills and company success. We assessed data on more than 300 CEO candidates for companies involved in private equity (PE) transactions occurring between 2000 and 2005. In a typical situation, the PE firm was considering an investment in a company, but wanted to assess the qualifications of the current CEO and/or other potential CEO candidates.
In addition to collecting the candidate ratings, we contacted the PE firms to determine whether the PE firms had made the investment, whether the candidate had been hired, and whether the hired candidates had been successful.
So what did we find?
We found that CEO skills can be classified into two areas—“hard” skills like aggressiveness, follow-through and speed; and “soft” skills – like creativity, listening skills, and team skills.
When we looked at success, however, we were a little surprised. CEOs who scored higher on harder skills, such as being “fast,” “aggressive,” and “persistent,” were more likely to be successful than CEOs who scored particularly high on softer skills such as being “good listeners,” “open to criticism,” and “team players.” In other words, our results suggest investors should hire Jack Welch or Steve Jobs who have tough reputations rather than Jeff Immelt who has a softer one.
These results have two implications. First, CEO talent or skills appear to be measurable and those talents appear to matter. Second, on the margin, soft skills appear to be over-emphasized in hiring decisions.
We note two caveats. First, the CEOs in our sample work for companies funded by venture capital and buyout investors. We cannot say whether these results generalize for all companies. Second, our results do not necessarily mean that soft skills are unimportant. It is possible that the CEO candidates needed to have a certain level of those skills to be credible candidates or to be hired. However, once the candidates have that level of skills and are hired, greater soft skills are irrelevant or negative on the margin.
What do you think? In your experience, do hard skills in a leader make for a more successful company, or have you seen better results under leaders that employed softer traits?
Steve Kaplan is the Neubauer Family Professor of Entrepreneurship and Finance at the University of Chicago Graduate School of Business. Morten Sorensen is an Assistant Professor of Finance at the University of Chicago Graduate School of Business. Mark Klebanov is a Ph.D. student in finance at the University of Chicago Graduate School of Business.
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Comments
First, I would like to better understand your definition of success. In your paper you refer to the work of Jim Collins, widely published in Good to Great (2001), and say that you extend and complement it. But Collins looked at companies that had attained extraordinary results, outperforming the market 6.9 times on average, independent of industry, over fifteen years. Your study looks at CEOs for companies who happened to be involved in private equity transactions in one five year period ending in 2005. How can you compare the two? Collins also points out that mergers and acquisitions play no role in going from good to great--"two big mediocrities joined together never made one great company."
It is hard to discern exactly what you mean by "success" from your paper. Your metrics are: (1) direct appraisals of CEO success by the PE firms that invested and hired the CEOS; (2) direct appraisals of financial success of 68 investments by the PE firms; and (3) a combination of the PE firm appraisals and publicly available data. Many of the characteristics used in the appraisals are circular: "has proven track record of success in this area." What exactly, then, constitutes success? Over what time period? It is not clear to me exactly how the CEOs in your study were assessed, for what definition or measure of success, and by whom.
Without having any hard, independent data to back up my claims, I would guess that the softer skills you are referring to come into play over the long-term, and that their importance would vary greatly depending on how you define success. Organizations are going to have to do a lot more than attract private equity to succeed in this century, and we are going to need them to step up and face much bigger challenges than short-term gains for investors. True leadership, I believe, is going to rely on much more than an aggressive, "look at me" stance: the softer skills of listening, waiting, adapting, deflecting credit, responding to criticism (aka learning), motivating and energizing will serve leaders to build a sustainable legacy much bigger than themselves.
Lisa Post, Mariposa Leadership
- Posted by Lisa Post
December 17, 2007 4:37 AM
The time horizon over which you are defining success or results is a critical variable which has not been addressed in the brief article provided. Factoring time horizons into the equation would change the theory.
Joseph Kaminski
- Posted by Joseph Kaminski
December 18, 2007 9:26 AM
One of the things I find interesting about these types of discussions is the underlying assumption that "hard" and "soft" skills are independent of one another. I believe the assumption that any one person must choose between moving quickly when necessary and building consensus when it makes sense is invalid. Today’s successful leaders are highly adaptable and aware and therefore able to tune their approach to the situation at hand.
- Posted by Dan Maloney
December 18, 2007 4:27 PM
Attempting to say one is better than the other is like saying Tiger Woods doesn't need BOTH brute strength AND a soft touch.
Authentic Leadership requires both hard and soft skills, perfectly integrated to lead in all conditions. Being either "hard" or "soft," and not both, is being handicapped.
Eric Patrick Marr
EPM@TheAionicCompany.com
- Posted by Eric Patrick Marr
December 19, 2007 8:49 PM
Just like using the carot and the stick or force and diplomacy, the successful leader is someone able to combine the so called "hard" and "soft" skills and use them approprietely in accordance with the circumstances at hand.
- Posted by Ciré Lo
December 23, 2007 1:09 AM
I hope you are confused between the definition of soft skills and hard skills..and above all both the skills are equally important and one cant survive in th ecorporate world even if one of them is missing.
- Posted by Raman
October 22, 2008 3:28 AM